Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. The construction of the canal also led to the development of other growth poles in the surrounding region, as new industries, such as tourism and real estate, emerged to serve the needs of the canal. The natural resource curse theory, or the paradox of plenty, essentially describes how countries that have vast amounts of a particular resource, are doomed for poor development. 2) Transitional phase / pre-take off - Building infrastructure that is needed before development can take place, e.g. Example: PPP between Mexico and the US, AP Human Geography Chapter 10 (Development) V, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. Access to high-levels of education and relatively high levels of female empowerment, Access to reliable medical care and sufficient food security, Access to high-level telecommunication and transportation technology, The ability to vote and to buy and sell on an open market. B) Explain the concept of human capital and describe one way in which investing in human capital can promote economic development. Push factors are the reasons that people move away from a country. For example, as populations grow, more people may move to urban areas, leading to increased social isolation and changes in community dynamics. This causes a brain drain in the LIC, limiting economic development. Check out the examples below to find out more. What a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar; what a country is able to buy. Answer: Two economic consequences of migration include increased remittances and potential job displacement. This can result in higher disease rates, causing sickness and death. They use concepts of location and distribution to do so.Especially important in the study of human geography is the tension between . Standard of living is the amount of wealth or goods that people have. Using development indicators or measures of development. AP Human Geography : Uneven Levels of Development Ecotourism is a type of tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for these communities and help to preserve their cultural traditions. E) Analyze the relationship between migration and political issues such as nationalism, citizenship, and border control. Raw materials are often made into more expensive goods or products in HICs, therefore boosting these economies instead, whilst LICs have to import these expensive goods, so economic growth remains low. For instance, in areas without access to clean water, people may spend significant time and effort collecting water, reducing their ability to pursue education or other economic opportunities. It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. Cultural benefits: Ecotourism can facilitate cultural exchange and understanding between visitors and local communities, and can help to preserve and promote local cultures and traditions. 0 Educational benefits: Ecotourism can provide opportunities for visitors to learn about the environment and local cultures, and can promote environmental and cultural awareness and appreciation. Deindustrialization is the process of a region or country losing its industrial base and shifting towards a service-based economy. It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. (F) Explain the concept of a supranational organization and describe one example of such an organization. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. Just-in-time delivery (JIT) is a supply chain management strategy in which materials and goods are delivered to the production process or to the end customer just in time for them to be used, rather than being delivered in advance or being stockpiled. It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state. endstream endobj startxref However, this has resulted in a power struggle for control over the countries, resulting in conflict and political instability, hindering development further. Answer: Climate change can impact population growth by leading to increased food and water insecurity, which can exacerbate conflicts and displacement. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as cultural attitudes towards family planning, access to healthcare, and government support. D) Analyze the relationship between globalization and resource distribution, providing at least one example of how globalization can impact the distribution of resources. The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. True or false: the development continuum helps to show a scale of development, with the least and most developed countries, and the countries in between. Achieve universal primary education. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. The fast world, as distinct from the slow world, is defined by high-level telecommunication and transportation technology. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. Development & Gender - Ms. Silvius's AP Human Geography What are some consequences of uneven development? There were no other temporary differences and no permanent differences. Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. Countries in the semi-periphery are countries that have a standard of living lower than those in the core, but much higher than those in the periphery. They are almost exclusively centers of manufacturing and exporting. Cultural and historical sites: These are sites that are significant for their cultural, historical, or archeological value and can provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as heritage tours and cultural experiences. Fig. If these countries are also in debt, the situation will only worsen, as they will be in a constant cycle of owing money. Students examine contemporary spatial patterns of industrialization and the resulting geography of uneven developmentfor example, the differences between urban and rural China or Brazil. is a measure of inequality developed by an Italian statistician. The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. The SDGs are relevant to all countries and are intended to guide global development efforts towards a more sustainable and equitable future. Extract resources. For instance, as cities become more crowded, people may feel disconnected from their communities and may be less likely to engage in community events or activities. Possible Answers: Example: The GDP of the USA Human Development Index (HDI) Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. Many villages in Ghana don't have access to clean water. f .=100,95d.f.=100,95 percent confidence. I. Industrialization. High school APUSH teacher with much in-class and online teaching experience. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of population growth and its consequences. Think about Mcdonald's or Starbucks! Go ahead and read the Changing economic world explanation to understand more about the different types of development indicators and how they are used. *Schemes are appropriate and sustainable long-term. One example of how globalization has affected the power of the state is the growth of supranational organizations like the European Union, which have the power to override certain decisions made by individual member states. Development classifications are set forever. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address the challenges of population growth is family planning programs, which aim to improve access to contraception and reproductive healthcare. Example: Where the US in this growth model, An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency's purchasing power. (C)Describe one example of a boundary dispute and explain the factors that contribute to boundary disputes. An example of its impact on language diversity is the spread of English as a global language, which has led to the loss of other languages and dialects. Economic growth is vital for understanding development as a whole. What are some physical causes of uneven development? Answer: A supranational organization is an organization that operates above the level of individual states and has the power to make decisions that affect its member states. The dynamic nature of the uneven development process is most pronounced at the urban scale at which capital is most mobile, resulting in, for example, the rapid gentrification (upgrading through the attraction of investment and new middle-class residents) of previously declining inner-city areas. There are stark differences between HICs and LICs. This indicates social segregation, or the separation of groups of people, in this case, the rich and poor. Example: in charge of bus departures times, A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. (E) Describe ONE centripetal force that governments use to promote the state as a nation. Births plus deaths divided by immigration B. The terms are listed in the order of the reading for each book. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. core and periphery AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board These factories are often owned by transnational corporations and are located in countries with lower labor and production costs. 5) Age of mass consumption - People have more wealth and so buy services and goods (consumer society), welfare systems are fully developed, trade expands, 1). An example of just-in-time delivery is a car manufacturer that receives parts from its suppliers as they are needed on the production line, rather than receiving large batches of parts in advance and storing them in a warehouse. A British charity called. One example of such an organization is the United Nations, which is a global organization that seeks to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts between states.